The proliferation of weapons in Afghanistan, West Asia, and Africa has raised alarms, as highlighted in a UN report. Notably, NATO-caliber arms have reportedly been transferred to ISIL-K by factions linked to the Taliban and al-Qaeda, including Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan. Concerns over the widespread dispersion of military equipment within Afghanistan and its spill into neighboring nations post the 2021 Taliban takeover were voiced by member states.

The 17th report from the Secretary-General on ISIL’s (Da’esh) threat to global peace and security underlines member states’ unease regarding arms proliferation in Afghanistan, the Middle East, and Africa. This encompasses the access Da’esh and its regional affiliates have gained to small arms, light weapons, unmanned aircraft systems, and improvised explosive devices.

Following the Taliban’s rise in Afghanistan, apprehensions have grown about the abundance of weaponry within Afghanistan and its overflow into adjacent countries. In the core conflict region, Da’esh’s tactics have evolved to include producing fewer, simpler improvised explosive devices and reserving suicide vests as a last resort. An “Industry Committee” has reportedly been established within Da’esh to explore advancements in weaponry, including explosive devices and enhanced drone capabilities.

ISIL-K stands out as a significant terrorist threat, with mounting operational capabilities inside Afghanistan. The group’s strength includes an estimated 4,000 to 6,000 fighters and family members. The leader of ISIL-K’s external operations is Mawlawi Rajab, while Sanaullah Ghafari (Shahab al-Muhajir) is seen as an ambitious leader. Ghafari’s reported death in June remains unconfirmed. ISIL-K is becoming more sophisticated in its attacks against both the Taliban and international targets, employing intricate operational strategies.

The report also reveals that links between ETIM/TIP and ISIL-K have developed, with joint propaganda efforts and ETIM/TIP members participating in ISIL-K operations. Elements of Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent are believed to be inclined toward joining or cooperating with ISIL-K.

Compiled by the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team, Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate, and the Office of Counter-Terrorism, the report emphasizes United Nations collaboration with member states to combat terrorism, focusing on conflict zones and adjacent regions where Da’esh’s threat remains substantial.

The Counter-Terrorism Committee organized a Special Meeting in New Delhi and Mumbai, resulting in the adoption of the “Delhi Declaration.” This declaration addresses the use of emerging technologies for terrorist purposes and reflects UN entities’ commitment to counter-terrorism efforts.

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